{"id":771091,"date":"2025-01-23T07:51:48","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T07:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.architectsjournal.co.uk\/?p=771091"},"modified":"2025-01-24T08:39:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T08:39:51","slug":"could-an-aussie-pattern-book-experiment-help-solve-the-uks-housing-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.architectsjournal.co.uk\/news\/could-an-aussie-pattern-book-experiment-help-solve-the-uks-housing-crisis","title":{"rendered":"Could an Aussie pattern book experiment help solve the UK\u2019s housing crisis?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/a>

More on this topic<\/p>

What has history taught us about pattern books?<\/a><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n

Last year the New South Wales (NSW) government in south-eastern Australia launched an international competition<\/a> seeking designs for a new \u2018pattern book\u2019 providing ready-made terrace and small-scale apartment block templates.<\/span><\/p>\n

The five winning designs<\/a> will create a catalogue of pre-approved housing designs aimed primarily at developers and set to launch this summer. The authority hopes this book of off-the-shelf solutions will \u2018accelerate the delivery of low and mid-rise housing\u2019 in areas where the need is greatest.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The state government\u2019s key criteria included sustainability, functionality, adaptability, affordability and ability to \u2018respond to the unique Australian climate\u2019. But, crucially, \u2018high-quality\u2019 and \u2018beautiful\u2019 designs were also significant point scorers.<\/p>\n

Although the winning practices \u2013plus one student winner \u2013 were ultimately all based in Australia or New Zealand, the contest itself piqued the interest of architects from around the world. Of the 212 applicants, five were British. Among them, Stirling Prize-winning Mae Architects, which was the only UK firm to make the 21-strong shortlist. The jury that assessed the submissions included Paul Karakusevic of UK practice Karakusevic Carson Architects.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Perspective section of pattern book proposal by Mae Architects<\/p>\n\t

Source: Mae Architects<\/p><\/div>\n

Winning practices included Neeson Murcutt Neille and Sydney-based Other Architects.<\/p>\n

NSW\u2019s Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure said the winning designs would have \u2018access to a fast-track pathway for the delivery of more well-built homes sooner.\u2019<\/p>\n

In some ways the housing crisis in Australia mirrors our own. Prime minister Anthony Albanese\u2019s centre-left Labor government has vowed to build 1.2 million homes by 2030 \u2013 only 300,000 less than our government\u2019s own hefty housing ambitions for the same\u00a0period.<\/p>\n

The idea of a pattern book is not new to the UK. It was used effectively by both the Victorians and Georgians and many of these thousands of homes still stand, much-loved, today. Yet the notion of a modern version that offers a quick route through planning red tape is turning heads as a possible solution for the 21st-century delivery\u00a0problem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

NSW Pattern Book winner by Neeson Murcutt Neille, Finding Infinity and Monash Urban Lab<\/p>\n\t

Source: Neeson Murcutt Neille<\/p><\/div>\n

Mae\u2019s founding director Alex Ely believes a pattern book \u2018based around good design principles and aspirations\u2019 could be a game-changer for UK house-building \u2013 provided it is delivered with a clear audience and specific aims in mind.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018The purpose of it has to be around fast-tracking approvals, speeding up the system,\u2019 argues Ely. Developers would appreciate this as it would speed up returns on their investments. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ely says the NSW approach, which should fast-track permissions on sites currently \u2018bogged down\u2019 in planning, could reopen the door to small to medium-sized developers and housebuilders. Since 1990, there has been a dramatic decline in these developers in the UK, from 15,000 to around 2,500 by October 2024, according to Insider Media.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For the concept to work effectively, he adds, \u2018there would have to be an acknowledgement that a pattern book overrules certain other planning parameters [on the basis that its proposals] have been designed intelligently, and sensitively\u2019.<\/p>\n

Ely believes that if developers can use pre-approved designs to avoid their projects being \u2018stuck\u2019 in the often arbitrary and gruelling planning process with its associated costs then \u2018even if they have to build something better than they usually would\u2019 they will still do it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Deborah Heenan, chief executive of the London Borough of Newham\u2019s in-house affordable housing arm, Populo Living, agrees that the reimagining of standardised house types by NSW offers a vision that \u2018could work equally well in the UK to deliver much-needed additional housing\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But a snapshot of opinions from across the industry reveals that her positive reaction is far from the consensus in the UK.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018Pattern books are good for sites that are easy to develop, without complexities that demand bespoke solutions,\u2019 says Mole Architects director Meredith Bowles. \u2018In reality we have pattern books already. The vast majority of housing approved is delivered by housebuilders using the same product across the country.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018Would it make a difference [to the numbers]? Very little, is my guess, and what would really make a difference [to communities] \u2013 landscape, public realm, parking solutions, site layout, densification \u2013 would remain untouched.\u2019<\/p>\n

\"\"

Street elevation for pattern book housing by New Zealand-based Spacecraft Architects<\/p>\n\t

Source: Spacecraft Architects<\/p><\/div>\n

Neil Murphy, co-founder of \u2018profit-with-purpose\u2019 developer TOWN, is equally sceptical.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

He told the AJ that, hundreds of years on from the first pattern books, \u2018variety within a pattern\u2019 is still a defining feature of a good street for many\u00a0people.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But, while he thinks a new initiative for pre-approved pattern-book housing \u2018might help at the margins\u2019, he argues that it \u2018risks focusing unduly on how buildings look over how places function\u2019 \u2013 the same problem, he insists, that the UK has had with its \u2018recent push\u2019 for design codes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And while Murphy describes efforts to increase certainty within England\u2019s discretionary planning system as \u2018laudable\u2019, he urges architects to \u2018consider the fate of the local development order. This potentially powerful tool for continental-style, rules-based, coded or pattern-book development has existed since 2004 but is scarcely used in a system that tends to prize control of process over quality or speed of\u00a0outcome\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Visualisation for pattern book housing by New South Wales-based Andrew Burges Architects<\/p>\n\t

Source: Andrew Burges Architects<\/p><\/div>\n

Hawkins\\Brown design consultant and project delivery lead Nigel Ostime says the firm\u2019s own research \u2018points to [the pattern book] approach being unsuitable for the UK\u2019 as a means \u2018to \u201cindustrialise\u201d housing delivery\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u2018It is too prescriptive in terms of response to local styles and materials \u2013 particularly if it is limited to five types,\u2019 he insists. \u2018Moreover, it is difficult to see what benefit it would bring commercially without significant investment in and co-ordination of the supply chain at a time when there is little capital for such upfront\u00a0costs.\u2019<\/p>\n

Ostime says, rather than pushing for standardised design solutions, housing providers \u2018should focus on sharing information and collaborating more effectively\u2019.<\/p>\n

He says co-operating to develop a \u2018strategic pipeline\u2019 and working to create procurement routes that enable modern methods of construction would be a more effective solution.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018The trick is to balance standardisation and flexibility,\u2019 he says. \u2018Too much standardisation will break the\u00a0system.\u2019\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Visualisation of interior of pattern book home by Western Australia-based practice Officer Woods<\/p>\n\t

Source: Officer Woods<\/p><\/div>\n

Philip Oldfield, head of school at University of New South Wales (UNSW) Built Environment, also has an issue with flexibility in pattern\u00a0books.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018The aim with a pattern book is to amalgamate some of the complex design and planning rules we have into an almost-ready-made series of designs,\u2019 he\u00a0explains.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A worthy aim. But Oldfield says the challenge with modern pattern books \u2013 compared to the \u2018template\u2019 designs historically used for largely empty sites subdivided into many plots \u2013 is that \u2018many infill sites where multistorey apartments are being built are complex [and] have varied geometries and boundary conditions as well as different\u00a0topographies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018It\u2019s difficult to see how pre-made designs will be applied to the diversity of sites and climates we have in New South Wales.\u2019<\/p>\n

While Oldfield thinks a pattern book is unlikely to prove a game-changer for housing quality (\u2018if this is lost in the development process, it\u2019s often due to value engineering reasons\u2019), he does believe it has the potential to provide more speed and certainty for\u00a0developers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Perspective drawing for pattern book housing by Other Architects and NMBW<\/p>\n\t

Source: Other Architects\/NMBW<\/p><\/div>\n

Back in the UK, the design template notion is also being looked at by built environment charity the King\u2019s Foundation (formerly the Prince\u2019s Foundation). Its senior director, Ben Bolgar, is collaborating with Classical architect Ben Pentreath to develop a series of locally informed pattern books showcasing \u2018well-proportioned regional homes\u2019 as part of his work on a government-funded project called the Regional Building Hubs (RBH) initiative.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The pattern books sit within the initiative\u2019s wider placemaking mission to encourage \u2018beautiful places for sustainable communities\u2019 and build on previous work by the King\u2019s Foundation<\/a> to develop catalogues, pattern books, and codes through its BIMBY (Beauty-In-My-Back-Yard) Housing Manuals. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bolgar says the RBH team has developed five house types, or \u2018chassis\u2019, for which details are already drawn up in a set of supply- chain-linked digital patent books.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Digital twin software has been developed by Travis Perkins architect Lee Jackson in the form of a \u2018smart\u2019 housebuilding platform called WholeHouse. This allows a provider to specify details such as cladding and window types \u2013 with \u2018half a billion\u2019 combinations of designs, which can be adjusted around the five chassis.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018You choose everything and you spec it according to your costs,\u2019 says Bolgar. \u2018Then you press a button and it literally spits out 75 pages of working drawings, [and] the costs. It\u2019s designed before you go to site.\u2019\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the RBH pattern books \u2018feed into the digital models\u2019 to inform the actual designs, explains Bolgar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The pattern books set out urban types, building types, building elements and outline material specifications based on the foundation\u2019s research of existing \u2018patterns\u2019 and proportions in a given region. The idea is that \u2018you have a \u2018standard chassis, but it wears a regional overcoat \u2026 in the same way that a Georgian house looks different in Edinburgh and Cornwall,\u2019 explains Bolgar.<\/p>\n

He says the designs are material and detail-led \u2013 rather than style-led \u2013 to allow for both modern and traditional versions of the same house types, which \u2018will [all] feel like they belong in the same place because of materials, proportioning and detailing\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

He also believes the RBH tools could create buildings that have \u2018a good degree of familiarity with [the] local vernacular\u2019 to provide the \u2018background buildings\u2019 in a particular region. But he insists that each area would always want \u201820-30 per cent to be bespoke so [the streetscape] doesn\u2019t become too\u00a0uniform\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Courtyard view of pattern housing concept by Mae Architects<\/p>\n\t

Source: Mae Architects<\/p><\/div>\n

If successfully rolled out across the UK, these digital house types would be readily available for small builders to use in 14 different regions, as identified by the King\u2019s Foundation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In terms of planning, Bolgar says the system \u2018frees up the local authority from looking at every street because they know what it\u2019s made of. The ingredients, if you like, of a recipe, have already been\u00a0approved.\u2019\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Another key purpose of the initiative is \u2018agglomerating the regional supply chain\u2019 across the UK, giving small builders a \u2018leg up\u2019. According to Bolgar: \u2018If you [bring] all the small builders together, they become the biggest housebuilder in the UK \u2026 and then you get preferential treatment on supply chains.\u2019\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And will it take off? Bolgar says the King\u2019s Foundation aims to launch the Regional Building Hubs in January 2026 when the current research phase completes. These would be devised as a \u2018membership organisation delivering services to small builders and large owners\u2019, he says.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The outcome, visually, may be poles apart from the homes likely to be built in NSW. But it is telling that two very different organisations, on other sides of the planet, have both independently arrived at a very similar solution. Could history be going full circle?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Last year the New South Wales (NSW) government in south-eastern Australia launched an international competition seeking designs for a new \u2018pattern book\u2019 providing ready-made terrace and small-scale apartment block templates. The five winning designs will create a catalogue of pre-approved housing designs aimed primarily at developers and set to launch this summer. The authority hopes …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":138919,"featured_media":771102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"categories":[681],"tags":[1565,1155,100444],"yoast_head":"\nCould an Aussie pattern book experiment help solve the UK\u2019s housing crisis?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As an Australian state gears up to launch a housing \u2018pattern book\u2019 to fast-track the delivery of new homes, Anna Highfield asks architects and developers whether the UK should follow suit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.architectsjournal.co.uk\/news\/could-an-aussie-pattern-book-experiment-help-solve-the-uks-housing-crisis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta 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